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Exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can be harmful to the eyes, increasing the risk for conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration, as well as corneal sunburn and eye irritation. People with light-coloured eyes are often more sensitive to light than those with darker eyes and have a higher risk for developing eye diseases as more UV light can pass through the iris. Sunglasses are not simply a fashion accessory; they are essential for protection of the eyes against damaging UV light. Because damage from UVA and UVB radiation is cumulative over a person’s lifetime, the eyes should be protected from an early age in all light conditions. |
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With so many options on the market, how do we choose sunglasses that offer optimal protection? Lenses that provide UV protection are manufactured to absorb, block and reflect UVA and UVB rays, preventing them from penetrating through the lens and into the eye. Many lenses today have built-in UV protection rather than a top coating that can wear off over time. Anti-reflective coating reduces the reflections that bounce off the back of the lenses into the eyes. What does the label on sunglasses tell us? Most reputable brands of sunglasses list UV protection on the label, which should say: “100% protection against UVA and UVB” or “100% UV 400 protection”. |
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Do darker lenses offer better protection? Darker lenses may reduce the need to squint in bright light, but unless it is specifically indicated, they do not necessarily provide more effective protection against harmful UV rays. Dark sunglasses cause the pupils to open, allowing more light to enter the eyes. If the lenses are not UV protected, the eyes are exposed to increased rather than reduced UV exposure. The lenses should be dark enough to keep the eyes comfortable, but not so dark that they reduce vision. As long as they block UV rays, different lens tints can be useful for different activities. Your optometrist may recommend photochromic lenses which are clear lenses that darken when exposed to UV light, automatically offering UV protection. Are polarised lenses recommended for UV protection? While many polarised lenses are combined with UV blocking properties, they are not designed to protect the eyes against UV light. Polarisation reduces glare coming off reflective surfaces and improves clarity, contrast and comfort. These lenses are useful for driving, except at night, and for certain outdoor sporting activities. Make sure that as well as being polarised the lenses offer optimal UV protection. Does the size of the sunglasses make a difference? Larger lenses provide more coverage and therefore less sun exposure to the eyes and the delicate skin around them. Wraparound styles are a good option for people who spend a lot of time outdoors, as they protect the eyes from both UV light and wind which may irritate the eyes and lead to dryness. Are sunglasses that provide UV protection more expensive? Obviously, a brand name increases the cost of the product, but less expensive sunglasses that provide 100% protection can be as effective as higher priced ranges. The crucial factor is the quality of the lenses. How often do sunglasses need to be replaced? Wear and tear as well as prolonged exposure to the sun’s rays over time can lead to deterioration of the lenses. Recent research carried out in Brazil suggests that sunglasses should be replaced every two to three years. Sunlight exposure and the UV index will obviously vary from country to country along with the need to purchase new sunglasses. All glasses should be replaced if they become damaged or scratched, interfering with clear vision. Do we only need to wear sunglasses in summer? Although we consider bright, sunny summer days to pose the greatest UV exposure risk, this is not always the case. Brightness and UV light are different, and harmful rays are present even on cloudy days. UV damage to the eyes is cumulative over time, so sun protection is essential year-round. |
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Don’t forget the kids! While children’s eyes are still developing, they are susceptible to damaging UV exposure which can contribute to the development of eye disease later in life. Start eye protection habits early! |
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Still unsure? If you are unsure about how well your sunglasses are protecting your eyes, take them to your optometrist who has the appropriate equipment to assess their UV-blocking ability and the expertise to offer advice on the best UV protection options. |
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